Te Wharekura 81

Contents
He kupu whakataki
Te aroā i te kupu
He tito whiti, he tito waiata
Te pānui kia mārama ake ai
Rangahaua kia kite
Te hanga tioata tote
He tira haere ki tai
He hanga waka
He mahi whakarākei
Tukutuku
He rauemi tautoko
Kupu taka

 He kupu whakataki
He huinga pukapuka a Te Wharekura i whakatakotoria hei rauemi reo Māori e pā ana ki te ao Māori i roto i te horopaki, mō ngā rā o mua, o tēnei wā tonu, me ngā rā e heke mai nei. Ka tautokona hoki ngā whāinga matua o ia marau, arā, ko te reo Māori, pāngarau, pūtaiao, hangarau, tikanga ā-iwi, ngā toi, me te hauora mō ngā taumata ono ki te waru. Ka noho mai he kōrero paki, he kōrero pono hei tūāpapa, ā, ko te tikanga, mai i reira ka toro haere ngā ākonga i ngā mahi takitahi, i ngā mahi ā-rōpū, i ngā mahi ā-akomanga rānei i te roanga atu o ngā kōrero.
Kua horahia mai a Te Wharekura 81 hei whāwhātanga mā te hunga whakaako i te reo Māori me ōna tikanga.
Te whakamahi i tēnei pukapuka
Mā te pouako tēnei pukapuka, hei āwhina, hei tautoko i āna mahi whakarite mahere ako mā ngā ākonga. Ka arotahi ki Te Reo Māori i roto i te Marautanga o Aotearoa, ki ngā whāinga paetae, ngā pūkenga, te kawenga, me te aromatawai. Kei te kaupapa matua, arā, ko Tangaroa, te horopaki e hāngai ana ki te taumata me tāu e hiahia ana mō āu ākonga. Whakawehea ia whenu, kia whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga o ngā ākonga. Tērā pea ka hiahia koe kia whakatāruatia ngā wāhanga o tēnei pukapuka hei tāpiri atu ki tāu mahere.
Te kaupapa matua o Te Wharekura
Ko te kaupapa matua o Te Wharekura, ko te atua o te moana, ko Tangaroa. Kei roto ētahi kōrero i ahu mai i te iwi Māori, me ētahi atu kōrero mai i Te Moana- nui- a- Kiwa.
Ko aua kōrero rongonui tonu mō Tangaroa, arā, ko te wehenga o ōna mātua, te pakanga i waenga i a Tangaroa rāua ko Tāwhirimātea, tae atu ki a rāua ko Tānemahuta. Ka kitea hoki ngā kōrero mō ngā tikanga e pā ana ki te hī ika me te take i tuku karakia ai tātou te ira tangata ki a Tangaroa.
Ngā kaupapa whāiti o Te Wharekura
•	Mā te pouako e whakamahere te hononga o ngā mahi kua mahia e te ākonga hei whakaaturanga ki tētahi whakaminenga. 
•	Mā te ākonga e whakaemi āna mahi ki te pūataata rorohiko i a rātou e whakaoti ana i ngā ngohe. 
Hei te mutunga, ka whakaatu ki te akomanga, te kura, ngā mātua rānei. Ko te tūmanako ka kohia ki tētahi hautaka e ngā ākonga ā rātou mahi katoa, ka tiaki hoki ki tētahi kōpae.
Ko ngā ngohe nei e akiaki ana i te ākonga me te pouako ki te rāwekeweke i ngā pūrere hiko me ngā iahiko, arā, ko te rorohiko, te pūataata rorohiko, te pūataata ā-reo, pūrere ataata, me ngā momo ataata katoa. Kātahi ka whakamōhio atu ki tētahi hunga ō rātou mōhiohio, mātauranga katoa. Ka whai wāhi te pouako ki te tango whakaahua, pūrere ataata, rīpene ataata, ataata ā-reo hoki. Ka noho ēnei ataata hei taunaki i ngā mahi kua mahia nei e te ākonga, hei taonga aromatawai mā te pouako, mā te whānau hoki.

Te aroā i te kupu
Te Reo Māori i roto i te Marautanga o Aotearoa

Whenu	Pānui (Tuhituhi) (wh.80)	
Koeke	5	
Whāinga paetae	Me tōrino te pānui a te ākonga, me tātari anō i tāna i pānui mai ai i ngā marau o te kura hei tāutu i ngā waiaro, i ngā uara, i ngā pūtake o te kaituhi.	
Te pūkenga	Ko te whakamārama i ngā āhuatanga reo me ngā pānga o ēnei ki te kaupapa me te pūtake i tuhia ai te kōrero.	
Te kawenga	Me āta titiro te tauira ki ngā tikanga o ngā kupu.	
Aromatawai	Arotake i ētahi tuhinga e pā ana ki ngā marau o te kura.	

Hei mahi 1:

1.	He aha ngā kupu rite ki ēnei:
a) poho
e) koha
i) kare
o) rehurehu
u) maoa	
	He tīwhiri: Whakamahia te papa kupu a Wiremu, me tērā hoki o Bruce Biggs.	
2.	Tūhonohonotia ngā kupu ki ngā tikanga e tika ana.	
	hīngarungaru (kei whārangi 9)
a) he hingareti
e) kua tuarangaranga, kua ngaru katoa te moana 
i) he ngaru iti	
	hewa (kei whārangi 21)
a) kāore ōna huruhuru 
e) he ngohengohe 
i) ka mānu, ka rewa	
	eke panuku (kei whārangi 2)
a) eke papa reti moana
e) te pā ki tō waka kia nuku, kia neke
i) kia pai, kia ngāwari te neke ki runga	
	kenehuru (kei whārangi 31)
a) he kiri pango, parauri rānei 
e) he kiritea
i) he huruhuru kōrino	
	rarauhe (kei whārangi 10)
a) ko te rau
e) he momo tupu, pēnei i te rahurahu 
i) he momo ngārara, pēnei i te anuhe	
	ākina (kei whārangi 2)
a) ka patua e tētahi mea
e) ka patu i tētahi atu mea
i) ko te akiaki, ko te whakahau	
	ngawhā (kei whārangi 18) 
a) ka maringi, ka pupū 
e) he wai mahana
i) ka whakatā

He tito whiti, he tito waiata
Te Reo Māori i roto i te Marautanga o Aotearoa

Whenu	Tuhituhi (Pānui) (wh.89)	
Kōeke	6	
Whāinga paetae	Me hāngai, me tika te rere o ngā tuhinga a te ākonga, ā, ka kitea tōna auahatanga i roto i ngā momo tuhinga huhua noa.	
Te pūkenga	Ko te whakauru atu i ōna ake whakaaro kia kitea ai tōna auahatanga.	
Te kawenga	Ka pānuitia e te kaiwhakaako ētahi whiti, waiata rānei e pā ana ki tētahi kaupapa motuhake. Ka kōrerotia ngā momo rerenga kōrero, kupu e rangona ai te wairua o te waiata. Kātahi, ka tuhi ngā ākonga i ā rātou ake waiata, whiti rānei e whakaatu ana i te wairua o tētahi kaupapa.	
Aromatawai	Ka whakaaturia tana tohungatanga ki te tuhi kia puta mai ai he tino hua.	
Hei mahi 2:

1.	Whakamahia ngā kupu tāruarua hei tito whiti, hei tito waiata rānei. Anei ētahi kupu tāruarua. Māu tonu e rapu i roto i ngā papakupu me ngā pukapuka i ētahi atu kupu tāruarua hei tāpiri atu.
hīngarungaru 
tuarangaranga 
kōrinorino
Ko te kaupapa o tō whiti, tō waiata rānei, ko te moana. Whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga o te moana, kātahi ka whiriwhiria tētahi hei kaupapa tuhi māu.	
2.	Tuhia anōtia mai te pūrākau o Wairaka me Whakatāne, ānō nei ko koe tētahi o ēnei: 
he karoro e mātakitaki ana 
ko Tangaroa 
te waka 
ngā toka 
he ika kei te wai 
tētahi o ngā tāne kua haere ki uta 
tētahi atu (māu tonu e whiriwhiri).	

Te pānui kia mārama ake ai
Te Reo Māori i roto i te Marautanga o Aotearoa
Whenu	Pānui (Tuhituhi) (wh.80)	
Kōeke	5	
Whāinga paetae	Me tōrino te pānui a te ākonga, me tātari anō i tāna i pānui mai ai i ngā marau o te kura hei tāutu i ngā waiaro, i ngā uara, i ngā pūtake o te kaituhi.	
Te pūkenga	Ko te tāutu i ngā waiaro, i ngā whakapono, i ngā pūtake hoki e kawe nei te kaituhi.	
Te kawenga	Ka pānui te ākonga i tētahi pukapuka mō tētahi kaupapa.	
Aromatawai	Ka whakaaturia tana tohungatanga ki te āta arotake i ngā waiaro me ngā whakaaro o te kaituhi, me whai take anō ēnei kōrero tātari.	
Hei mahi 3:
Whakautua ngā pātai e whai ake nei.
1.	Nā te aha i riri ai a Tangaroa rāua ko Tāne-Mahuta ki a rāua anō?
2.	Ko wai te matua o ngā mokomoko?
3.	Nā te aha i horo ai ngā pari o Papatūānuku?
4.	Nā te aha i tīmata ai te tangata ki te karakia?
5.	E ai ki Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa whānui, i pupū ake te moana i hea?
6.	E ai ki ngā tāngata o Hāmoa, i puta ngā motu o Hāmoa i hea? (E rua ngā whakautu ka taea.)
7.	E ai ki ngā tāngata o Hāmoa, ko wai te ingoa o te tangata tuatahi? I hangaia ia ki te aha?
8.	I ahu mai te ingoa ‘Hāmoa’ i hea?
9.	Tuhia mai ko ētahi atu ingoa mō Tangaroa.
10.	Ko wai a Kane? He aha tana mahi?
11.	Ko wai te wheke nui?

Rangahaua kia kite
Te Reo Māori i roto i te Marautanga o Aotearoa
Whenu	Pānui (Tuhituhi) (wh. 81)	
Kōeke	6	
Whāinga paetae	Me pānui te ākonga kia whai hua ai tana rangahau i ngā tūmomo tuhinga e pā ana ki ngā kaupapa kua whakaritea hei tirotiro māna.	
Te pūkenga	Ko te tāutu i ngā ariā matua i puta i ngā tuhinga huhua.	
Te kawenga	Te rapu haere me te pānui i ngā tuhinga maha kia mōhio ai te tauira he aha ngā whakaaro o tēnā, o tēnā mō tētahi kaupapa.	
Aromatawai	Ka whakaaturia tana tohungatanga ki te tīpako kōrero taipitopito mai i ngā tuhinga.	
Hei mahi 4:
Rangahaua tētahi o ngā kaupapa nei:
•	Te whakamahi i ngā ngaru ā-tai hei whakamahi hiko. 
•	Ngā painga o te karengo mō te tinana. 
•	Ka pēhea te rere o te ia matua o te Gulf ā te wā ka mahana ake te ao? (arā, ko te Gulf Stream me global warming).
•	Te haere o ngā tuna i Aotearoa ki Hāmoa, me te hokinga mai o ā rātou punua. 
•	Nā te aha ka pari, ka timu te tai? (rangahaua ngā kōrero tuku iho me ngā kōrero o te ao pūtaiao hoki). 
Kia maumahara: mō ētahi o ngā kaupapa nei, he tāngata e whakaae ana, he tāngata anō e whakahē ana. Me rangahau e koe ngā taha e rua.
Mutu ana te rangahau, whakaatuhia ngā hua ki ngā ākonga mā te:
•	kauhau. 
•	hanga i tētahi whakaaturanga PowerPoint, me te whakamārama ā-waha hoki.
•	hanga i tētahi pānui hei whakairi ki te pakitara. 

Te hanga tioata tote
Pūtaiao i roto i te Marautanga o Aotearoa
Whenu	Ō kawekawe (wh. 62)	
Kōeke	Te rea	
Whāinga paetae	Ka taea e te ākonga te tūhura ngā matū ā-rangi me te whakamārama te āhuatanga korakora o te matū, me pēhea te noho hei ūtoka, hei wē, hei hau (pēnei i te wai, i te hinu kānara).	
Te pūkenga	Ko te tāutu i ngā ariā matua i puta i ngā tuhinga huhua.	
Te tauira wheako	Te āta tuhi i tāna i mātakitaki ai, i ine ai, ā, kia pūnahanaha hoki.	
Aromatawai	E kitea ai te kaha o te ākonga ki te mōhio ki te tukanga whāpāhare, me taka e ia he tote māori mai i ngā wairewa meha o te waikawa pūmaota me te konutai waihā.	
Hei mahi 5:
1.	Putua atu he wai ki roto ki tētahi ipu, pērā i te ipu tiamu.
2.	Ruirui atu he tī-pune tote ki roto.
3.	Kōroritia kia memeha atu.
4.	Mahia tonutia tae noa ki te wā e kore e memeha te tote, arā, ko te wā ka taka noa atu te tote ki raro, takoto ai.
5.	Herea he taura iti kia tautau atu ki roto i te wai.
6.	Waiho ki tētahi wāhi mahana, pērā i te paepae o te matapihi.
7.	Mātakitaki mō te rua wiki, neke atu rānei. Kua aha?

He tira haere ki tai
Pūtaiao i roto i te Marautanga o Aotearoa
Whenu	Ō mataora (wh.24)	
Kōeke	Te aka	
Whāinga paetae	Ka taea e te ākonga te tūhura me te whakarōpū whāiti ngā rauropi i runga i ngā tino āhuatanga (pēnei i te kuku, i te pipi, i te tuangi; i te kiwi pukupuku, i te kiwi roroa; i te kewa, i te parāoa, i te tohorā, i te iheihe; ngā momo kurī, ngā momo ngeru, ngā momo hōiho; te kōwhai, te rātā, te pohutukawa, te ngutu kākā).	
Te pūkenga	Te whakamahi i ōna ake mōhiotanga me ngā mōhio o ētahi atu hei matapae whakamātautau mō ngā otinga ka puta, ka taea rānei.	
Te tauira wheako	He hīkoi ki tai kia kite i ngā momo koiora o reira.	
Aromatawai	E kitea ai te kaha o te ākonga ki te tohu me te whakarōpū i ngā momo tohorā me ngā tino āhuatanga, me tito waiata ia.	
Hei mahi 6:
Haere koutou ko ngā ākonga ki tai. Tirohia ngā koiora o reira.
Whakarōpūhia ngā tamariki. Tukua rātou kia mātakitaki, kia tuhi hoki ko wai mā ngā tamariki a Tangaroa e noho ana ki ēnei wāhi:
•	ngā hāroto 
•	te one (ngā koiora e noho ana i roto i te one pērā i ngā noke moana) 
•	te wai moana 
•	ngā toka (ngā koiora e piri ana ki ngā toka) 
•	raro i ngā kōhatu
•	te rangi (arā, ko ngā manu moana). 
Me tā pikitia ngā tamariki o ngā koiora i kitea e rātou. Mēnā e mōhiotia ana te ingoa, me tuhi te ingoa, te wāhi i kitea.
Hoki atu ki te akomanga
1.	Whakarōpūtia ngā pikitia o ngā koiora i runga anō i te wāhi i kitea aua koiora. Hei tauira, whakarōpūtia ngā koiora e noho ana ki te one, ngā hāroto, te rangi, te mea, te mea. Tērā pea e hiahia ana koutou ki te tā i tētahi pikitia nui rawa o te ākau, kia pai ai te whakapiri atu i aua koiora ki ngā wāhi tika. Whakamahia te purutaki, kia ngāwari ai te tango mai.	
2.	Tukua ngā tamariki kia kōrero mō ngā mea i kitea e rātou.	
3.	Pātai atu ki a rātou: 
•	Ko ēhea koiora i kitea i tētahi wāhi motuhake o te ākau? (pērā i te pipi – ka kitea noatia ēnei i te one, kāre i ngā wāhi tokatoka).
Ko ēhea koiora i kitea i ngā wāhi e maha i tātahi? (pērā i te karoro – ka kitea ēnei i te one, i ngā toka, i te rangi, i te wai hoki).	
4.	Rangahaua ngā ingoa o ngā koiora kāre i te mōhiotia. Tirohia ngā pukapuka nei: 
•	Which seashell? A simple guide to the identification of New Zealand seashells.
•	Native animals of New Zealand.
Which New Zealand bird? A simple step-by-step guide to the identification of New Zealand’s native & introduced birds.	
5.	Tāruatia ngā pikitia i tuhia e ngā tamariki.	
6.	Whakarōpūtia ngā koiora i runga anō i ō rātou whakapapa. Hei tauira, ko ngā ika ngā tamariki a Ikatere, ko ngā mokomoko ngā tamariki a Tūtewehiwehi.	
7.	Whakarōpūtia ngā koiora i runga anō i ō rātou momo. Hei tauira, ngā momo ika ki tētahi rōpū, ngā momo manu ki tētahi, ngā momo noke ki tētahi atu, ngā ika whai anga ki tētahi atu, te mea, te mea. Ko te titiro tēnei a te kaipūtaiao, he ara atu anō hei whakarārangi i te ao, pērā i te whakapapa o te Māori.	
8.	Wānangatia ngā rerekētanga me ngā ōritetanga o ngā momo rōpū e rua, arā, ko ngā rōpū whakapapa me ngā rōpū pūtaiao.	

He hanga waka
Pūtaiao i roto i te Marautanga o Aotearoa
Whenu	Hangarau (wh.96)	
Kōeke	Te rea	
Whāinga paetae	Ka taea e te ākonga te whakamahi tētahi whakaaro pūtaiao ki te tautohu, ki te whakamārama i ngā āhuatanga o te hangarau e pā ana ki taua whakaaro.	
Te pūkenga	Te whakauruuru i ōna ake mōhiotanga me ngā mōhio pūtaiao o ētahi atu hei matapae whakamātautau mō ngā otinga ka puta, ka taea rānei.	
Te tauira wheako	He whakaaro me pēhea te hanga waka kia rewa, kia kaha, kia tere.	
Aromatawai	E kitea ai te kaha o te ākonga ki te whakamārama i ngā otinga o ana tūhura ki ōna whakaaro tuatahi, me whakamārama e ia ana otinga i te wā ka rūnanga ngā ākonga.	
Hei mahi 7:
Whakahoahoatia tētahi waka haere moana, kātahi ka hangaia.
Me pēnei te kaha, te rahi: kia eke koutou ko ō hoa tokorua ki runga, kia hoe ai koutou mai i tētahi taha o te puna kaukau ki tērā atu taha.
Whakaarohia ngā taputapu. Tērā pea ka hangaia ki te:
•	taea rapa 
•	tāwhaowhao 
•	rākau hanga whare 
•	taura 
•	nērā 
•	kārewa 
•	kōrari
•	toetoe
•	aka
•	muka 
•	te pātara miraka 
•	te mea, te mea. 
Whakaarohia hoki me pēhea te whakatere – mā te hoe, mā te rā rānei? Me pēhea hoki te urungi?
Tērā pea, ka whakataetae koutou ko tō karaehe kia kite atu ai ko wai ka tae tuatahi ki tērā atu taha o te puna kaukau.
E te kaiako: Pātai atu ki ngā kaiwhakahaere o te puna kaukau mēnā ka whakaaetia te mahi nei i mua rā anō i te tīmatanga o tēnei mahi. Waihoki rā, mēnā kāre e taea te mahi nei, tukuna ngā tamariki kia hanga waka iti nei. Arā, he tauira o te waka. Ka whakatere pea ki rō ipu nui.

He mahi whakarākei
Ngā Toi i roto i te Marautanga o Aotearoa
Whenu	Toi ataata (wh. 105)	
Kōeke	8	
Whāinga paetae	Ka tīpako rawa tā te ākonga hei whakawhanake, hei whakaputa i ōna ake ariā Toi Ataata.	
Te pūkenga	Te whakaatu mai i ngā pūtake o ngā ariā, ngā pūkenga, ngā tūhuratanga, ngā whakamātautanga, me ngā tirohuratanga hei whakarite i mua i te mahitanga i tētahi mahi Toi Ataata.	
Tauira tohu aromatawai	Te whakaatu ā-hui i ōna ake rautaki mahi Toi Ataata, mai i ōna wheako whaiaro kia kitea ai te auahatanga o tāna i mahi ai. 	
He tauira	Te whakahoahoa waharoa mō te kura.	
Rerenga kōrero	E āhei ana te ākonga ki te whakaatu mai i te whakaritenga o ngā ariā, ngā pūkenga, ngā tūhuratanga, ngā whakamātautanga me te tirohuratanga ki roto i te pūkohi mahi. 	
Hei mahi 8:
He mahi ā-rōpū. Whakahoahoatia tētahi waharoa mō tō kura. Ko te kaupapa, ko Tangaroa. Mēnā kua tū kē he waharoa i tō kura, hangaia tētahi mō tō akomanga. Whakaarohia te huarahi haere atu ki te waharoa. Whakarākeitia ki ngā mea ka kitea i tai, pērā i te tāwhaowhao, i ngā anga, i te one me ngā kōhatu hoki.
He whakaaro atu anō
Hangaia tētahi o ēnei ki ngā mea ka kitea i tai:
•	tētahi matawā nui (hei whakairi ki te pakitara) 
•	he paepae mō ngā pene o te akomanga 
•	he paepae mō ngā pukapuka o te akomanga 
•	he paepae kai (me whakamahi pea he paepae aihikirīmi tawhito) 
•	he paepae whakatupu otaota. 

Tukutuku
Ngā Toi i roto i te Marautanga o Aotearoa
Whenu	Toi ataata (wh. 105)	
Kōeke	8	
Whāinga paetae	Ka tīpako rawa tā te ākonga hei whakawhanake, hei whakaputa i ōna ake ariā Toi Ataata.	
Te pūkenga	Te whakaatu mai i ngā pūtake o ngā ariā, ngā pūkenga, ngā tūhuratanga, ngā whakamātautanga, me ngā tirohuratanga hei whakarite i mua i te mahitanga i tētahi mahi Toi Ataata.	
Tauira tohu aromatawai	Te whakaatu ā-hui i ōna ake rautaki mahi Toi Ataata, mai i ōna wheako whaiaro kia kitea ai te auahatanga o tāna i mahi ai.	
He tauira	Te whakahoahoa tukutuku.	
Hei mahi 9:
He mahi ā-rōpū. Whakahoahoatia tētahi waharoa mō tō kura. Ko te kaupapa, ko Tangaroa. Mēnā kua tū kē he waharoa i tō kura, hangaia tētahi mō tō akomanga. Whakaarohia te huarahi haere atu ki te waharoa. Whakarākeitia ki ngā mea ka kitea i tai, pērā i te tāwhaowhao, i ngā anga, i te one me ngā kōhatu hoki.
He whakaaro atu anō
Hangaia tētahi o ēnei ki ngā mea ka kitea i tai:
•	tētahi matawā nui (hei whakairi ki te pakitara) 
•	he paepae mō ngā pene o te akomanga 
•	he paepae mō ngā pukapuka o te akomanga 
•	he paepae kai (me whakamahi pea he paepae aihikirīmi tawhito) 
•	he paepae whakatupu otaota. 
Whakahoahoatia tētahi tukutuku e whakaatu ana i tētahi tamaiti nā Tūtewehiwehi, nā Ikatere rānei.

Hei whakangāwari i te mahi, tērā pea me tuhi e koe te āhua o tō pikitia i te tuatahi, kātahi ka whakakīkī haere ki ngā rīpeka.

Kia maumahara:
•	Whakamahia ngā tae rerekē. 
•	Waiho ētahi wāhanga kia wātea, kia kitea ai tō pikitia. 

He rauemi tautoko
Hei mahi 4
Te mahi hiko
www.home.clara.net/darvill/altenerg/tidal.htm
www.crest-energy.com
Te karengo
www.health24.com/dietnfood/Healthy_foods/15-18-20-157.asp
Te whakamahana i te ao
www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?fil
An Inconvenient Truth – he whitiāhua: www.climatecrisis.net
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_stream 
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shutdown_of_thermohaline_circulation
Ngā tai
www.eldrbarry.net/rabb/rvn/r_tide.htm
www.suzy.co.nz/SuzysWorld/Factpage.asp?FactSheet=68
www.science.howstuffworks.com/question72.htm
Ngā tuna
www.mtbruce.org.nz/eels_more.htm
Hei mahi 6
Crowe, A. (1999). Which seashell? A simple guide to the identification of New Zealand seashells. Auckland: Viking Pacific.
Crowe, A. (2001). Which New Zealand bird? A simple step-by-step guide to the identification of New Zealand’s native & introduced birds. Auckland: Penguin.
Ngata, H.M. (1993). English-Māori Dictionary. Wellington: Learning Media Limited.
Powell, A. W. B. (1993). Native animals of New Zealand. Auckland: Auckland Institute & Museum.

Kupu taka
tioata	crystal	
paepae o te matapihi	window sill	
kārewa	buoy